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removed for now - not likely to re-impliment soon -- -- hywel williams introduction when i moved to live near london a few years ago, one of my interests became the london underground, the oldest and one of the busiest underground railway networks in the world. i'm not a train spotter by any means, but i find the history and background of london's subterranean railway fascinating. one of the things i find most interesting is the changing history of the railway, of which there is still much hidden evidence. for example, look through the window as you travel between tottenham court road and holborn on the central line and you'll see a station - where no passengers have alighted since 1932. this used to be british museum station. or perhaps you may notice the tunnel wall change from cast iron tubing to bricks as you travel on the piccadilly line between green park and hyde park corner. this also used to be a station. down street, closed in the same year as british museum. these stations are often referred to as ghost stations . there are about 40 abandoned or relocated stations on the underground network along its entire 249 miles (402km) of trackway - some subsurface and some above ground. some have vanished without trace whereas others are almost intact, grimey time capsules of the era when they were closed. there are 11 visitors reading these pages at the moment including yourself. orientation one point to note is that in these pages, all lines are referred by their contemporary names. many if not all of the lines have however had different names during their existence. site navigation you can navigate this site in a number of ways. you can get to key pages by clicking on the menu bar at the top left of the page. alternatively, at the bottom of most pages you'll also find a series of links to the main pages in text form. you may also decide to navigate the site by following the links within the nariative - indeed, many pages have been broken down into a series of smaller pages so that each individual page isn't too large for people browsing with a modem connection. the site has been designed with a resolution of 1024x768 or more in mind. it has however been designed to also work well in 800x600. in order to better understand the location of these stations on today's network, you may wish to download a copy of the world famous underground map (well, technically it's a diagram not a map), originally designed by harry beck in 1931 and first seen by the public in january 1933. this can be found in several formats on the transport for london web site. click here to visit their page. some people have asked me why i don't have a copy of the underground map here, or more to the point, why i don't have a version of the map that shows the closed stations. i've explained this in more detail here . 1929 map of the london underground since the majority of the stations that closed in central london were abandoned after 1930, a map of the railways as they existed in 1929, that's been annotated to show which underground stations have closed or changed their name since that time is available. this page also includes some advertisements from the publication from where the map came from, showing how advertising style and standards have changed. your monitor settings some people have had difficulty reading or seeing images on these pages. admittedly some of the images are dark but all look presentable if the monitor is correctly set up. here, you can find some test patterns i've generated to help you see these pages as i see them on my monitor! fun several of the images found on these pages can also be found as interactive jigsaws ! click on the jigsaw pieces to have a try. two major types of tunnels can be found on the london underground. in the 19th century, digging deep level tunnels, especially under water was a dangerous and tricky business. several attempts to cross the thames had ended in failure, even with lives being lost. brunell's thames tunnel (used today by the east london line) was the first successful tunnel under the thames but its construction was costly and very difficult. when it was discovered that steam traction could be replaced with electricity, tunnels could be dug that were much deeper. james henry greathead had devised a new method of tunnelling which employed compressed air to prevent leaking in conjunction with a circular drilling shield to bore circular tunnels (about 3 metres in diameter) much deeper into the ground, which were then lined with cast iron rings. when mining the soft north london clay however, the air pressure was hardly ever needed, as the clay is waterproof. due to the speed at which these tunnels could be mined, many stations were envisaged on each of the lines that were created and most of these stations are still in use today. a small number however have fallen into disuse over the years. take aldwych for example, at the end of a disused railway siding right in the heart of london. or down street, where the railways executive committee were based and on rare occasions some of winston churchill's world war two cabinet meetings were held when the cabinet war rooms were unavailable... or brompton road, used as a world war 2 anti aircraft ack ack command centre, with maps from this era still on the walls today! evidence of these stations remains both on the surface and also beneath the ground if you know where to look. click here to find out much more and to see photographs of some of these lost stations as they are today. before the greathead shield was invented, most subterranean railways in london were built using the cut and cover technique. in many cases, this involved digging a deep cutting along the path of a road. the railway was laid in the trench and was then covered up with the road being re-laid above. these underground railways started out as extensions of some of the existing outlying railways and were initially served by steam locomotives and so many places were required where steam could be safely vented. over the years, the need and use for some of these stations have changed with the result that some were closed. a careful observer can still see some today whereas others have completely vanished without trace. click here to find out more about these lost stations. more hidden bits there are other parts of the underground network that are in use today, but also contain abandoned tunnels and shafts. click here to find out what some of those disused passageways you see at some main stations are about. other erstwhile subterranean london transportation this final section deals with some other interesting disused underground tunnels and stations which though never having formed part of london's underground system, nevertheless have had an important role to play in the city's transport infrastructure in the past... although not strictly part of the underground system, the tower subway was the world's first underground tube railway. constructed using the revolutionary greathead shield invented by james henry greathead (used subsequently for many of the other tubes), the train (actually a single carriage) was cable operated and was effectively used as a shuttle service between the two banks of the thames. the railway unfortunately was only open from august 2nd 1870 until november the same year due to very poor patronage. the tunnels were resurrected as foot tunnels but even this was short lived as they were again made redundant by the building of the nearby tower bridge in 1894 and were permanently closed to the public and the tunnels were equipped with pipes to provide hydraulic power. today the tunnels are used as a conduit for water mains pipes and also for the transmission of fibre optic cables for computer networks across the thames. the photograph above shows the small structure built over the northern shaft next to the tower of london. written around it are the words "a.d. 1868 london hydraulic power compan

URL analysis for underground-history.co.uk

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subbrit.org.uk
ltmuseum.co.uk
hywel.org.uk
tfl.gov.uk

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